February 12, 20025 | No 375

GILAD'S NEWSLETTER

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Ask Gilad

During my last physical my doctor suggested I work on my balance after failing the test. Do you have any suggestions for a woman over 60?

Improving balance is crucial for seniors to prevent falls, maintain independence, and enhance daily mobility. Here are the most effective exercises supported by research and expert recommendations:


Foundational Balance Exercises

1. Single-Leg Stand

  • Stand near a sturdy surface (e.g., chair or counter) for support.
  • Lift one leg slightly off the ground, hold for 10–30 seconds, and switch sides. Progress by reducing hand support.
  • Benefits: Builds hip/core stability and simulates real-life movements like stair climbing.

2. Tree Pose (Yoga)

  • Stand tall, place one foot on the inner thigh of the opposite leg, and hold hands at chest height.
  • Hold for 30 seconds per side, using a chair for support if needed.
  • Benefits: Enhances focus, posture, and lower-body strength.

3. Weight Shifts

  • Shift weight to one leg while lifting the other, holding for 10–30 seconds. Alternate sides.
  • Benefits: Improves weight distribution and coordination.

Strength-Building Exercises

4. Heel-to-Toe Walk

  • Walk in a straight line, placing the heel of one foot directly in front of the toes of the other. Use a wall for support initially.
  • Benefits: Mimics natural gait patterns and sharpens dynamic balance.

5. Step-Ups

  • Step onto a low platform (e.g., stair) with one leg, then lower back down. Perform 10–20 repetitions per leg.
  • Benefits: Strengthens quadriceps and glutes, critical for stability.

6. Standing Marches

  • March in place, lifting knees to hip height. Increase speed or height as balance improves.
  • Benefits: Boosts core strength and rhythmic coordination.

Dynamic and Dual-Task Movements

7. Sideways Walking/Grapevine

  • Step sideways, crossing one foot over the other, and repeat for 10 steps per direction.
  • Benefits: Challenges lateral stability and agility.

8. Over-the-Shoulder Walks

  • Walk forward while looking over alternate shoulders. This dual-task exercise improves multitasking balance.
  • Benefits: Enhances cognitive-motor integration.

9. Tai Chi

  • A gentle martial art involving slow, flowing movements. Studies show it reduces fall risk by 50% in regular practitioners.

Safety Tips

  • Use a chair, counter, or wall for support during new exercises.
  • Wear non-slip footwear and practice in clutter-free areas.
  • Consult a healthcare provider before starting if you have osteoporosis, vertigo, or severe arthritis.

Aim for 2–3 sessions weekly, combining these exercises with strength training. Consistency is key—research shows balance improvements can begin in as little as 4–6 weeks.

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THINGS WE FIND INTERESTING

We enjoy sharing interesting findings with you and hope they pique your interest too. While we may not always endorse or agree with everything we share, we strive to provide information that can aid you in your pursuit of mental and physical wellness.

middle aged woman stretching

Study finds physical activity reduces chronic disease risk

A University of Iowa study published in Preventing Chronic Disease (2025) demonstrates a strong link between physical activity levels and chronic disease risk. Researchers analyzed over 7,000 patients who completed the Exercise Vital Sign survey—a two-question assessment of weekly moderate-to-vigorous exercise habits—during wellness exams between 2017 and 2022[1].

Key Findings

  • Patients meeting the 150-minute weekly exercise guideline had a statistically significant lower risk of 19 chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory illnesses[1].
  • Inactive patients (reporting little/no exercise) faced higher chronic disease risks[1].
  • The survey took <30 seconds to complete and helped identify at-risk individuals for targeted interventions like exercise prescriptions or community health referrals[1].

Recommendations

The study advocates for:

  1. Universal implementation of the Exercise Vital Sign survey in healthcare systems to quickly assess activity levels.
  2. Insurance reimbursement for exercise counseling, as billing codes for such services had a 95% reimbursement rate in a related study[1].

Study Limitations

Survey respondents were generally younger and healthier than non-respondents, suggesting potential selection bias. However, the results reinforce the importance of physical activity as a preventive health metric[1].

This research underscores the feasibility of integrating brief physical activity assessments into routine care to improve chronic disease prevention strategies.

Specific chronic diseases were linked to physical activity levels

The University of Iowa study identified 19 chronic diseases with statistically significant risk reductions linked to higher physical activity levels. The most prominently cited conditions include:

Cardiovascular Diseases

  • Coronary artery disease
  • Heart failure
  • Hypertension[1][3][5]

Metabolic Disorders

  • Type 2 diabetes[1][3][7]

Cancers

  • Breast cancer
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Lung cancer[1][3][4]

Respiratory Conditions

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Asthma[1][3][7]

Other conditions in the broader list of 19 likely included stroke, chronic kidney disease, and arthritis based on related research context[5][13][20]. Patients meeting the 150-minute weekly exercise guideline showed reduced risk across all categories compared to inactive individuals[3][4][7].

The study’s Exercise Vital Sign survey took <30 seconds to administer and effectively identified at-risk patients for these inactivity-related conditions[1][10][14].

Citations: [1] https://now.uiowa.edu/news/2025/01/get-moving-ui-study-finds-physical-activity-reduces-chronic-disease-risk [2] https://worldhealth.net/news/physical-activity-risk-of-chronic-disease/ [3] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/01/250102162516.htm [4] https://www.earth.com/news/fitness-focused-medicine-physical-activity-reduces-chronic-disease-risk/ [5] https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0149a.htm [6] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180723142920.htm [7] https://www.iflscience.com/22-minutes-of-daily-exercise-could-reduce-your-risk-of-19-diseases-77460 [8] https://exerciseismedicine.org/assets/page_documents/PA%20vital%20sign%20Kaiser%20Permanente%20HL.pdf [9] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190204200852.htm [10] https://www.thegazette.com/higher-education/university-of-iowa-researchers-recommend-asking-patients-how-much-they-exercise/ [11] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39745943/ [12] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150114143118.htm [13] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11721010/ [14] https://www.healthday.com/healthday-tv/general-health/a-short-two-question-survey-can-tell-you-a-lot-about-your-risk-for-19-chronic-diseases [15] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/04/240429103047.htm [16] https://provost.uiowa.edu/news/2025/01/ui-study-finds-physical-activity-reduces-chronic-disease-risk [17] https://scholarlycommons.hcahealthcare.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1829&context=hcahealthcarejournal [18] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190411101740.htm [19] https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2025/01/02/physical-inactivity-screening-study/8701735779759/ [20] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160810084637.htm

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Is Creatine for women?

More and more women are learning about the benefits of creatine, and we're seeing a surge in research focused on how this supplement specifically benefits female athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Gone are the days when creatine was solely associated with male bodybuilders and strength athletes. Women across all fitness levels are discovering that this naturally occurring compound can enhance their strength training, boost cognitive performance, and support overall health without causing unwanted bulking.

This shift comes at a crucial time, as women increasingly embrace strength training as a cornerstone of their fitness routines. While creatine has been extensively studied for decades, much of the early research focused primarily on male subjects. Now, emerging studies are specifically examining how women's bodies utilize creatine, revealing unique benefits that extend far beyond the weight room - from supporting bone health to potentially offering protective effects during pregnancy.

The growing interest in creatine among women also reflects a broader change in fitness culture, where performance and strength goals are celebrated alongside traditional aesthetic outcomes. As more female athletes and trainers share their positive experiences with creatine supplementation, outdated myths about bulking and masculinization are being replaced with science-based understanding of this versatile supplement's benefits.

 

Research-supported benefits of creatine supplementation for women.

More and more women are learning out the bnefits of creatine, and we see more reseach involving women using this supplements for 

Muscle Strength and Performance

- Creatine helps women increase muscular strength and power output during resistance training, allowing for more intense workouts and better athletic performance. Research shows women can experience similar relative strength gains to men when supplementing with creatine while weight training.

Lean Mass Development

- Women taking creatine while resistance training typically gain 2-3 pounds of lean muscle mass over 8-12 weeks. This additional muscle can help improve metabolism and overall body composition without causing a "bulky" appearance.

Bone Health Benefits

- Studies indicate creatine may help maintain bone density, particularly in post-menopausal women. When combined with resistance training, it may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Cognitive Function

- Creatine supplementation has been shown to improve memory and cognitive processing in women, particularly during challenging mental tasks or sleep deprivation. This is especially relevant since the brain uses significant amounts of creatine for energy.

Recovery and Fatigue Reduction

- Women using creatine often report faster recovery between workouts and reduced exercise-induced muscle damage. This can be particularly beneficial during high-intensity training or when maintaining an active lifestyle.

Pregnancy and Post-Partum Benefits

- Some research suggests creatine may support fetal development and maternal health during pregnancy, though women should always consult their healthcare provider before supplementing while pregnant or nursing.

The typical recommended dosage is 3-5 grams daily, and it's considered safe for most women. As with any supplement, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting creatine, particularly if you have any underlying health conditions or are pregnant.

 

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